![]() The parent cell has double the number of diploid chromosomes (2 X 2n = 4n). These chromatids separate in space, forming the chromatic makeup of each daughter cell. Overview of Mitosisĭuring mitosis, all chromosomes separate into chromatids (the two halves of a chromosome). Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n), whereas diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n). Keep in mind that diploid refers to the number of chromosomes in a cell. Thus, chromosome numbers must double before mitosis occurs. Mitosis produces two diploid cells from one diploid cell. The main purpose of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells identical to the parent cell so the number of chromosomes in the parent and daughter cells must be the same. Before Mitosisīefore mitosis begins, the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell undergo replication. Therefore, organisms without nuclei (prokaryotes) miss out on this impressive process. ![]() The key to mitosis occurring is the presence of a nucleus. Mitosis allows for some organisms to maintain alternating life stages (asexual and sexual, such as fungi). This is the key process that sustains populations of asexual organisms. This is the only way that these cells can reproduce. Mitosis is also important in organisms that reproduce asexually. Mitosis is crucial to this process and it is the reason we can grow, heal wounds, and replace damaged cells. For you to stay alive and fully functional, these cells need to be continuously replaced. Cells continuously die in the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death). This process continuously occurs throughout our bodies, even while you are reading this. It is the process of cell renewal and growth in a plant, animal, or fungus. Mitosis happens in all eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, and fungi). Now, what is mitosis as a process and what is the purpose? Mitosis is the process of cell division by which the nucleus of the cell divides giving rise to two identical daughter cells. This term was based on the warped thread appearance of the chromatin in the cell’s nucleus in the first stages of mitosis. ![]() In 1887, the German anatomy biologist, Water Fleming, coined the term mitosis which comes from Greek and translates to “wrap thread” (mitos) and “act or process” (osis). ![]()
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